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We measured the effects of a diet in which D-β-hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3 butanediol monoester [ketone ester (KE)] replaced equicaloric amounts of carbohydrate on 8-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice. Diets contained equal amounts of fat, protein, and micronutrients. The KE group was fed ad libitum, whereas the control (Ctrl) mice were pair-fed to the KE group. Blood d-β-hydroxybutyrate levels in the KE group were 3-5 times those reported with high-fat ketogenic diets. Voluntary food intake was reduced dose dependently with the KE diet. Feeding the KE diet for up to 1 mo increased the number of mitochondria and doubled the electron transport chain proteins, uncoupling protein 1, and mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating proteins in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). [(18)F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in IBAT of the KE group was twice that in IBAT of the Ctrl group. Plasma leptin levels of the KE group were more than 2-fold those of the Ctrl group and were associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity to IBAT. The KE group exhibited 14% greater resting energy expenditure, but the total energy expenditure measured over a 24-h period or body weights was not different. The quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index was 73% higher in the KE group. These results identify KE as a potential antiobesity supplement.

Original publication

DOI

10.1096/fj.11-200410

Type

Journal article

Journal

FASEB J

Publication Date

06/2012

Volume

26

Pages

2351 - 2362

Keywords

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Animals, Diet, Eating, Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Hydroxybutyrates, Insulin Resistance, Ion Channels, Ketone Bodies, Leptin, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial Proteins, Uncoupling Protein 1