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Three groups of male Wistar rats were pair fed NIH-31 diets for 14 days to which were added 30% of calories as corn starch, palm oil, or R-3-hydroxybutyrate-R-1,3-butanediol monoester (3HB-BD ester). On the 14th day, animal brains were removed by freeze-blowing, and brain metabolites measured. Animals fed the ketone ester diet had elevated mean blood ketone bodies of 3.5 mm and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin. Despite the decreased plasma leptin, feeding the ketone ester diet ad lib decreased voluntary food intake 2-fold for 6 days while brain malonyl-CoA was increased by about 25% in ketone-fed group but not in the palm oil fed group. Unlike the acute effects of ketone body metabolism in the perfused working heart, there was no increased reduction in brain free mitochondrial [NAD(+)]/[NADH] ratio nor in the free energy of ATP hydrolysis, which was compatible with the observed 1.5-fold increase in brain uncoupling proteins 4 and 5. Feeding ketone ester or palm oil supplemented diets decreased brain L-glutamate by 15-20% and GABA by about 34% supporting the view that fatty acids as well as ketone bodies can be metabolized by the brain.

Original publication

DOI

10.1074/jbc.M110.138198

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Biol Chem

Publication Date

20/08/2010

Volume

285

Pages

25950 - 25956

Keywords

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Butylene Glycols, Diet, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Esters, Fatty Acids, Glutamic Acid, Ion Channels, Ketone Bodies, Male, Malonyl Coenzyme A, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins, Mitochondrial Proteins, Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Palm Oil, Plant Oils, Rats, Rats, Wistar, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid