Assessing Cardiac Metabolism: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Taegtmeyer H., Young ME., Lopaschuk GD., Abel ED., Brunengraber H., Darley-Usmar V., Des Rosiers C., Gerszten R., Glatz JF., Griffin JL., Gropler RJ., Holzhuetter H-G., Kizer JR., Lewandowski ED., Malloy CR., Neubauer S., Peterson LR., Portman MA., Recchia FA., Van Eyk JE., Wang TJ., American Heart Association Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences None.
In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart's needs for energy are difficult to overestimate. At a time when the cardiovascular research community is discovering a plethora of new molecular methods to assess cardiac metabolism, the methods remain scattered in the literature. The present statement on "Assessing Cardiac Metabolism" seeks to provide a collective and curated resource on methods and models used to investigate established and emerging aspects of cardiac metabolism. Some of those methods are refinements of classic biochemical tools, whereas most others are recent additions from the powerful tools of molecular biology. The aim of this statement is to be useful to many and to do justice to a dynamic field of great complexity.